Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal Vol.-02, Issue-III, February 2012 Role of Aerobic Exercises in Health Related Physical Fitness of Junior Boy’s Prof. Jondhale Suresh Nivartirao: College of Physical Education Kautha, Nanded Introduction
For years, the health related physical fitness status of human was not known.
People, therefore, used to believe that high level of physical fitness contributes to good health. Today, such belief has become a misconception. In fact, high-level of physical fitness has an excellent link towards exhibiting top performance and is not consistent relationship towards one‟s health.
The idea of the concept of health related fitness was clicked among the
researchers of AAHPERD (American Alliance of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance), while most of the American children failed in Kraus-Weber‟s Muscular fitness test. Many studies, however, indicate that the school going students are inclined towards obesity which affects adversely the normal improvement of physical fitness and associated variables (Alexander and Peterson, 1972; Burwell, et al., 1956; Fox and Mathew, 1981; Stamler et at., 1978), Gradually the idea of health related fitness was developed and the test widely known as AAHPERD then shared overall responsibility to define the concept of health related fitness and developed the test widely known as AAHPERD Health Related Physical Fitness Test for school going American children‟s. Afterwards, AAHPERD developed different norms of Health Related Physical Fitness for adults.
In India, different researchers have tried to apply Kraus-Weber test (i.e., K-W
test) to assess to muscular fitness of Indian school children and compared the norms with other countries (Gharote, 1976; Moorthy, 1983). The result indicates that the American school children are far short of the Indian counter parts, whereas the Indian school children had poor state of muscular fitness than the Australian counterparts. Gradually, the concept of muscular fitness remained far behind and, today, the challenging as well as rising concept is Health Related Physical Fitness.”
Since the scientists of worldwide nations accept the applicability of the Test
Battery to assess one‟s level of Health Related the same may be administered on Junior Boy‟s as this study.
In India, very few researchers remained in the front line towards the
assessment as well as implication of AAHPERD Health Related Physical Fitness Test for Junior Boy‟s however; no report in this line for Junior Boy‟s so far is available. Hence, the researcher thought of undertaking the study to see the effect of aerobic exercises on health related physical fitness among Boy‟s. Methodology Research Design
The investigator has used parallel group Design for the present study that
consists of one control group and one experimental group. The experimental group received a training of aerobic exercises for a specific period, whereas the control group did not receive the said training. The duration of the experiment was for 8 weeks. The Subjects
To achieve the purpose of this study 60 Junior Boys volunteered as subjects
from N.S.B. College Nanded. The subjects‟ age group was ranged from 17 to 19 years. The samples were randomly divided into two groups viz., Group I (Experimental) and Group II (Control). Each group consisted of 30 students.
ISSN 0976-9714 Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal Vol.-02, Issue-III, February 2012 Design of the Experiment
60 Junior College Boys were divided into two Groups, viz., Group A
(Experimental Group) & Group B (Control Group). The schematic presentation of the research design is as follows: Group A Pre Test ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Post- Test
Group B Pre -Test ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Post-Test
After the pre-test with the AAHPERD Health Related Physical Fitness Test
Battery, the Experimental Group underwent a training programme of Aerobic Exercises and Control Group did not participate in the above training. Dependent Variables
The test-items of Health Related Physical Fitness were considered as the main
dependent variable as selected in this study. The dependent variables were Abdominal muscles strength & Endurance, Body fat %, Flexibility, and Cardiovascular Endurance, which were measured scientifically. The method of measurement followed as per the AAHPERD Health-Related Physical Fitness test (HRPFT). Independent Variable
Here training intervention i.e., aerobics was considered as the independent
variables. However, in order to impart the repetition and intensities of different types of aerobic exercises and to make them effective, the selection of aerobic exercises was important, which was made on the basis of the following points: 1.
Variety of movement (turning, twisting and bending)
Body parts movement (movement of neck, arms and trunk)
Simple to Complex (starting from easy movement and gradually intensifying the exercise)
Variables and Tools used Variables Tools Used
One mile Run test which requires stop watches, starting gun etc.
Strength and Endurance of Abdominal Sit up test which requires a scale and stop Muscles
Tricep Skinfold (mm) Subscapular Skinfold (mm) Flexibility
(Site and Reach) Procedure of the Study
The experiment was conducted in 3 phases viz., Phase I - Pre Test, Phase II —
The investigator conducted the pre test with consent in writing form. The age
of each student participated in experiment was confirmed from the college. Each subject was given individual code number i.e. Case number and record card prepared by the investigator so that they can be identified easily.
ISSN 0976-9714 Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal Vol.-02, Issue-III, February 2012
All the subjects were strictly instructed to arrive each station made for
collecting data. Four professionally qualified and trained assistants controlled each station.
Demonstration of the test and question asked by the subjects were given and
explained. They were also motivated properly.
Standard procedures were followed for testing the selected variables. Then the
group division was made randomly into two groups. Name list of the two groups was also prepared.
The experimental groups were undergone special aerobic exercise training in
addition to their regular physical education classes and theoretical classes in the college. The aerobic training was given for six days per week that is Monday to Saturday. The duration of each class was 60 minutes. Attendance of the subjects was taken regularly and the percentage of attendance after completion of training was found more than 8O°/o However, in a regular class the students were demonstrated and explained new movements I exercises that were introduced. Any question asked by the students has been clarified. They were also motivated properly.
Post-test was conducted considering same procedure like the pretest, and for
this, all the subjects were strictly instructed to arrive at each station made for collecting data on the selected variables. Same procedures, as followed in pre-test, were performed for tests administration among all the subjects belonging to their respected groups. Statistical Analysis
Descriptive statistics have been applied to process the data prior to employing
inferential statistics. Since there are five dependent variables, which were assessed during two testing programmes (i.e., pre-test and post-test) for two different groups (experimental and control), the inferential statistics i.e., 2 x 2 x 5 Factorial ANOVA followed by Scheffe‟s post hoc test have been employed. Major Findings:
The summary of the result of 2 x 2 x 5 Factorial ANOVA has been presented
“Aerobic Exercise training” showed significant superiority over the “Controls” in reducing Triceps skin fold (CD=O.33, p<O.05).
“Aerobic Exercise” training showed better reduction in Subscapular skinfold than the control (CD=O.27, p<O.O5).
“Aerobic Exercise training” was found better than the “Control” in Abdominal Muscles Strength (CD=O.42, p<O.O5).
“Aerobic Exercise training” was found better than the “Control” in Flexibility (CDO.50, p<O.05).
“Aerobic Exercise training” had better effect than “Control” in Cardiovascular Endurance (CD=O.31, p<O.05).
Conclusion
The result of this study helped to conclude the followings:
The aerobics training schedule, as developed in this study, was found suitable for the junior- Boys for.
Improving muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility;
The aerobics training helps to improve overall level of health related physical fitness of junior college-Boy‟s.
ISSN 0976-9714 Variorum, Multi- Disciplinary e-Research Journal Vol.-02, Issue-III, February 2012 Recommendations & Further Suggestions This study recommends that — •
The aerobics training as developed in this study is suitable for the junior college boys for maintaining overall level of health related physical fitness.
The aerobics training must be incorporated in the curriculum of junior especially for the boys. -
Similar but further studies for junior college Girls, senior colleges and university students are suggested.
Contribution to the Knowledge
In the country like India, majority of the women population is deprived of
many facilities for improving overall status of health and fitness. This study could bring into light about suitable Aerobic exercises” especially for the junior Boys for improving health related physical fitness. The contribution made in this study is new and adds quantum of ideas to the knowledge-sphere of Indian physical education. Selected References Amanda, Mettemich. Karen. (1982), The effects of aerobic training on the plasma
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Amer. P. Rohnder, J. Engfeld, P., and Ostrnan, J. (1981). The antilipolytic effect of
insulin in human adipose tissue in obesity. diabetes mellitus. hyperinsulinemia and starvation. Metabolism, 30. pp. 753-760.
Rhogal. R. S. („1 uL, (2005). Effect of a Month-Long „Iraining Programme of Yoga
and Aerobics on Aniety in Obese Indians. as quoted in Yga—1imamsg. Vol. XXX&2, Pp. 31-44.
Cameron. K A. (1989). Effects of an aerobic movement programme on cardiovascular
fitness, body composition, and body-esteem on overweight children. Cornp) cd ResearchmHealth.jy_siea1 Education. Recreation and Dance, 31. pp. 2 1-22.
Clark, J.K. (1989). Flexibility and gait changes in the elderly as a result of
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activity promote relaxation‟? Jouti at ci PjJyJlcal Education and Recreation, 46, 7, pp.53-54.
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in hypertensive subiects receiving inderal or visken. çQpietedçgfejp.j1ejth. Phyiea1 Education. Recreation and Dance, 31, p. 159.
Fender. MA. (1990). The effect of nutrition education on body composition of aerobic
dance participants. cpm lete esearen Health. Ph sical Education Recreation and_Dance, 32. p.1.I-lay. and Mellisa, .1. (2000). Health Fitness project health components. Motor Behavior, 35, 2.pp. 16-22.
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