La tétracycline, connue sous le nom commercial Sumycin, agit en bloquant la fixation de l’ARNt sur la sous-unité 30S ribosomale, interrompant l’élongation de la chaîne protéique bactérienne. Ce mécanisme confère une activité sur un spectre large, incluant bactéries Gram positives, Gram négatives, rickettsies et spirochètes. Sa biodisponibilité digestive varie selon la prise alimentaire et les interactions avec les ions divalents comme calcium et magnésium. Sa diffusion tissulaire est importante, notamment dans les voies respiratoires et génito-urinaires. L’élimination se fait par voie rénale et biliaire. Les effets indésirables incluent photosensibilisation, troubles digestifs et coloration dentaire en cas d’administration précoce. Les guides thérapeutiques mentionnent sumycin prix, en soulignant la nécessité de restreindre son utilisation afin de limiter les résistances acquises.
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Benfotiamine Inhibits Intracellular Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products in vivo JIHONG LIN, ALEX ALT, JUTTA LIERSCH, REINHARD G. BRETZEL, MICHAEL BROWNLEE*, HANS-PETER HAMMES Third Medical Department, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Germany *Albert-Einstein College, New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT Glycolysis We have demonstrated previously that intracellular formation of the derivative with known AGE-inhibiting properties in- R= - 0.51; P< 0.02 advanced glycation end product (AGE) N-epsilon-(carboxymethyl)- vitro on the intracellular formation of (CML) and Oxidative lysine (CML) inversely correlates with diabetic vascular compli- methylglyoxal-derived AGE in red blood cells of Phosphorylation cations independently from glycemia (Diabetologia 42, 603, 1999). Pentose-Phosphate-Shunt Here, we studied the effect of benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble thiamine patients with type 1 diabetes. derivative with known AGE-inhibiting properties in-vitro on the intracellular formation of (CML) and methylglyoxal-derived AGE in red blood cells. Blood was collected from 6 Type 1 diabetic patients (2 m, 4 f, age 31.8 ± 5.5 years; diabetes duration 15.3 ± 7.0 years) before and after treatment with 600 mg/day benfotiamin for 28 days. In addition to HbA1c (HPLC), CML and methylglyoxal were Retinopathy-free Diabetes Duration (Years) Study group: six patients (2 males, 4 females), age TCA cycle Fig. 1a: Correlation of retinopathy-free diabetes duration with the concentration measured using specific antibodies and a quantitative dot blot of CML in memory T-cells. AU=arbitrary units (from Diabetologia 42, 603, 1999) technique 31.8 ± 5.5 years; diabetes duration 15.3 ± 7.0 years. While treatment with benfotiamin did not affect HbA1c levels (at Treatment with 600 mg/day benfotiamine entry: 7.18±0.86%; at conclusion 6.88±0.88%; p not significant), (Milgamma, Wörwag, Böblingen, Germany) for 28 levels of CML decreased by 40 % (737 ± 51 arbitray unit/mg protein days after informed consent and approval by the Fig. 3: Thiamin as co-factor of enzyme systems possibly involved in AGE formation (red arrows: enzymes (AU) vs 470 ± 86 AU; p<0.001). The levels of intracellular involving thiamine as coenzyme; blue arrows: increased flux of glycolytic intermediates under hyperglycemic conditions). methylglyoxal-derived AGE were reduced by almost 70 % (1628 ± local ethics committee. 1136 AU vs 500 ± 343 AU; p < 0.01). The data indicate that thiamine Venous EDTA-blood (3 ml) drawn before and at the Results of Benfotiamine treatment in Patients derivatives are effective inhibitors of both intracellular glycoxidation end of the study, samples lysed and centrifuged, and AGE formation. adjusted to identical hemoglobin concentrations. Mean glycated hemoglobin (%) a. Significant reduction of Quantitative immunoblotting carried out essentially Fig. 1b: No correlation of mean glycated hemoglobin with CML levels in memory CML in RBC after a 4-week treatment with INTRODUCTION as described before (1). Statistical analysis was benfotiamine. * p<0.001 performed using the alternate Welsh t test. Intracellular formation of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) Ne-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) Glycolysis inversely correlates with diabetic vascular Conclusion complications independently from glycemia (Figure 1) (1). Intracellular CML is generated by the Thiamine derivatives, in particular the lipid.soluble Amadori Product Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate MG-derived AGE b. Significant reduction oxidation of Amadori products or, alternatively, by prodrug benfotiamine, are effective inhibitor of of methylglyoxal-derived AGE in RBC after a lipid peroxidation (2,3). The dicarbonyl intracellular formation of AGE and CML. 4-week treatment with benfotiamine. * p<0.01 methylglyoxal is formed by non-oxidative fragmentation of glycolysis-derived triose phosphates (Figure 2) and is the most important References 3-deoxyglucosone Methylglyoxal intracellular AGE (4,5). 1. Hammes HP et al.: Diabetologia 42, 603-607, 1999 Glyoxalase 1 Thiamin is a potent AGE-inhibitor in-vitro (6), and 2. Ahmed MU et al.: J Biol Chem 261, 4889-4894, 1986 c. No change in Amadori- benfotiamine, the lipid-soluble prodrug of thiamin, 3. Fu MX et al.: J Biol Chem 271, 9982-9986, 1995 product formation by benfotiamine treatment. was shown to reduce CML and other AGE in target 4. Thornalley PJ: Biochem J 269, 1-11, 1990 Glyoxalase 2 5. Shinohara M et al.: J Clin Invest 101, 1142-1147, 1998 tissues of diabetic complications in-vivo (7). The 6. Booth AA et al.: Biochem Biophys Res Commun 220, possible mechanisms by which thiamin/ D-Lactate 113-119, 1996 benfotiamine are thought to reduce intracellular 7. Hammes HP et al.: Diabetologia 41, Suppl. 1, A310, 1998 AGE formation, are shown in Figure 3. We studied Fig. 2: Biochemical pathways of intracellular AGE/CML the effect of benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble thiamine formation (Shinohara et al., JCI 101, 1142, 1998)
NZFGW National Executive News November 2007 P O Box 31 734, Milford 0741, North Shore City, New Zealand Wearing the White Ribbon Charlene Lutes, National President, At our North Shore Branch meeting in November, we were reminded that White Ribbon Day (International Day to End Violence Against Women) is approac
Bhagavad-Gita – Part Two- Chapter 7 His Holiness Bhakti Caru Swami South African Retreat Day 1: 9th January 2009 Transcription : His Grace Ramavijaya Dasa Editing : Her Grace Hemavati Radhika Dasi Okay so then I will briefly discuss about the seventh chapter which is actually our main… These next few days we will extensively discuss the other chapters of Bhagavadgita. Today as I