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MAHARASHTRA UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
(From Academic Year 2010-11 & onwards)
Syllabus for MD (Ayurved) Final Examination
DRAVYAGUNA VIGYAN
LECTURES - 400 Hours
No. of PRACTICALS - 116
Practical - 1500 Hours
Namarupa Vigyan
1. Dravya and its classification, importance of Namgyana of Dravya, origin of
Namarupagyana of Oushadhi in the Vedas, study on etymological derivation of
various names and synonyms (paryayas) of Oushadhi Dravyas.
2. Objective of Dravya-Rupagyana in relation with the Oushadhi Dravyas. Sthula and
Sukshma description (Macroscopic and Microscopic study) of Oushadhi Dravyas.
3. Study of synonyms of Oushadha/Ahara dravya mentioned in Vedic literature, Bhava
4. Analysis of Synonyms related to external morphology of medicinal plants.
5. Introduction to Pharmacognosy- following methods of classification of crude drugs-
Morphological, Microscopical, Chemical, Taxonomical, Alphabetical, Pharmacological, Therapeutical, Chemotaxonomical etc.
6. Brief knowledge regarding Nomenclature, Identification and Classification of drugs in
Ayurveda based on Samhita and Nighantus.
7. Organic and inorganic drugs and their methods of evaluation.
8. Study of Distinguishing morphological characteristic features of important medicinal
plants including following minimum 110 medicinal plants: -
43. Jatamansi
47. Kalmegha
48. Kampillaka
52. Karkatashringi
54.Katuka
59.Kumkum
87. Shaliparni
97. Trivrit
9. Ayurvedic and conventional methods of Drug research , process of Drug
development.
10. Standardization of Crude Drugs as per Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) and
WHO guidelines, Knowledge of GLP (Good Laboratory Practices) guidelines. 11. Cultivation, Collection, Storage and preparation for the market of ASU Drugs.
Introduction to Good Agricultural practices (GAP), Good Field Collection Practices (G.F.C.P.), and Good Storage Practices (G.S.P.).
12.Environmental (Desha, kala, Ritu etc), Genetic and Gender factors affecting qualities of
13.Introduction of tissue culture techniques used for Ayurvedic Drugs.
14. Introduction of Anukta dravya (extra Pharmacopeal Drugs - minimum 10).
15. Controversial aspects of Ayurvedic Drugs.
16. Adulteration and substitutes of Crude drugs, and methods of detection of adulterants.
17. Knowledge of TKDL (Traditional Knowledge Digital Library), Publications and
18.Introduction of Pharmacogenomics.
PAPER –II
Guna Karma Vigyan
1. Fundamental principles of drug action both Ayurvedic and modern perspectives.
2. Detailed study of rasa, guna, veerya, vipaka and prabhava with their applied aspects,
based on views of commentators like Chakrapanidatta, Dalhana, Arunadatta, Hemadri and Indu. Applied aspects of Samanpratyayarabdhatwa and 3. Elaborate study of karmas mentioned in Brihatrayi - etymological derivation and
4. Detailed study of Guna Karmas (Properties and Actions) and update* Review of
Research studies carried out on important Ayurvedic Medicinal Plants including following minimum* 110 plants.
5. Detailed study of aharadravyas as per Bhavamishra, and a brief knowledge about
6. Introduction to General Pharmacology.
7. Knowledge of procedures, Equipments and instruments which are generally used in
8. Toxicological and safety Evalution of Ayurvedic Drugs – Guidelines for Acute,
subacute and chronic as well as specific toxicity studies. e.g. OECD (Organisaton for Economic Co-operation and Development) Guidelines etc.
9. Introduction to experimental Pharmocology with special reference to drug evaluation
like analgesic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antilipidemic, antiulcer, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, diauretics, CNS acting drugs.
PAPER - III
Prayoga Vigyan
1. Principles of drug administration and drug delivery regimen. Prayojyanga (part used),
Bhaishajya Marga (routes of drug administration), Kalpana ( Dosage form & formulation), Matra (Dosage), Anupana (Vehicle), Sevenkala (Time of drug administration), Sevankal avadhi (duration of drug administration), Pathyapathyam (Do’s /Dont’s), Contraindications/Adverse drug reactions etc.
2. Clinico-pharmacological evaluation/Amayeek Prayoga (Therapeutic administration) of
drugs which including following minimum* 110 plants
1. Consideration of Sanyoga Virodha (Drug incompatibility).
2. Introductions to principles of Clinical Pharmacology.
3. Introduction to Reverse Pharmacology.
4. Knowledge about Pharmaco vigilance / ADR in Ayurveda and conventional system of
5. Clinical trial - stages of clinical drug Research as per GCP (Good Clinical Practices)
guidelines, protocol designing, Clinical Research & data management.
6. Bioethics in Clinical Drug Research.
7. Introduction of Pharmaco epidemiology/observational study.
PAPER- IV
Nighantu Parichaya-Yogavigyanam
1. History of Dravyaguna.
2. Uptodate knowledge of literature of Dravyaguna- upto recent editions of various
tility of Nighantu : Salient features of the following Nighantus with authors, name and Paryaya ratnamala, Soushruta nighantu, Dhanvantari nighantu, Hridayadipika nighantu, Ashtang nighantu , Bhavaprakasha nighantu, Siddhamantra nighantu, Madanapala nighantu, Rajavallabha nighantu, Madhava Dravyaguna, Kaiyadeva nighantu, Shodhala nighantu, Raj nighantu, Shaligram nighantu, Nighantu adharsha, Nighantu ratnakara, Priya nighantu, etc.
1. Importance and principles of formulations (Bhaishajya kalpana) as per Ayurveda.
2. Introduction to relevant portions of Drugs and cosmetic act, Magic remedies Act,
Intellectual Property Right (IPR) and publication issues, Regulations pertaining Import 3. Good Manufacturing practices (GMP).
4. Quality control procedures of formulations prescribed by Drug Regulatory Authorities.
5. General awareness about Neutraceuticals, Cosmaceuticals, food addictives, Excipients
6. Detailed study of five formulations/Yogas from each kalpana of crude drugs delineated
in Sharangadhara samhita and Ayurvedic formulary of India (AFI).
7. Knowledge about herbal extracts, colours, flavours and preservatives.
Scheme of Practicals
Duration :- 3 Years
No. of practicals : 116
Field identification of medicinal plants (5 visits)
Study tour reports (3 Local, 1 out of state, 1 Pharmacy visit)
Preparation of 50 herbarium (25 herbarium sheets + 25
e-herbarium) while field visit
Macroscopic, organoleptic and Microscopic evaluation of
5 crude + 5
05 differents parts of the plants including their powders
Extraction & Phyto-chemical evaluation of 5 different parts
of any 03 plants as follows (As per API guidelines) :
a) Moisture estimation
b) Ash Value
c) Aqueous extract
d) Alcoholic extract
e) Micro-chemical testing
f) Fluorescence analysis
g) TLC
Project - Quality assessment of market sample of Crude
drugs. Minimum 01crude drug report is essential.
Preparation of minimum one herbal monogram (Not less
than 50 pages)
Experimental/Clinical observations (organoleptic) of
Rasapanchak on healthy volunteers
a) Taste thresholds experiment (5 Aahar and 5
Aaushadhi)
b) Exothermic and endo thermic evaluation of 5 Ushna
and 5 sheeta veerya Dravyas.
Observation of animal experimentation models both in vivo
1 comprehansive
and vitro (Experimental pharmacological and toxicity study)
report on models
10 Clinical observation of any 20 drugs (Ekal Dravya Parikshan) 20
11 Pharmacoepidimiology / Observational study minimum 1
12 Survey of ADR minimum 3 (As per National
Pharmacovigilance Programme of ASU Drugs)
13 Shodhan methods of any 03 Visha Dravyas
14 Preparation of 1 yog in Bhaishajya Kalpana (any 10)
15 Microscopic evaluation of certain choorna formulations e.g.
Sitopaladi, Hingvashtak, Trikatu, Triphala, etc. (any 3)
16 Physico- chemical evaluation of Asava and Arishta’s
a) PH
b) Specific gravity
c) Alcohol %
d) Viscocity
e) Sugar %
Format of Question Paper
For All Four Papers
Nature of Questions
Division of Marks
Total Marks
Format of Practical / Oral Examination
Hediang of Practical
(including reports of study tour, observations & serveys) One Journal on practical work i) standarisation – Macroscopy, Microscopy, Physico chemical evaluation ii) experimental/ clinical evaluation of Raspanchak iii) Preparation and standardization of Bhaishajya Kalpana iv) Shodhan of Vish dravyaOne journal on clinical work i) Ekal draya chikitsa Herbal monogram + Report on quality assessement of crude drug One practical on Macroscopy, Microscopy and organoleptic examination Phyto chemical evaluation of one plant/ one drug Total 200 Marks
Reference Books
26 Database of medicinal plants used in Ayurved (all 30 Ayurvedic pharmacopoea Of India (All Vols) 31 Quality standards of medicinal plants(Vol.1-8) 35 Cultivation and Propogation of medicinal plants 36 Some contraversial drugs of Indian Medicine 57 Phytochemical Investigations of Certain Medicinal - CCRAS

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