on Christianity and understanding of its basic truths. At
Muslims usually want to know God; this is your op-
the same time, get to know his/her level of understanding
of Islam; get to know how seriously they follow Islam and
Do not be arrogant; it is not the strength of your ar-
guments that will win the person, but the conviction of the Holy Spirit.
Always be prepared to share the Gospel. Presenting one
Discuss and do not preach. Muslims have many
of these tracts is no substitute for sharing the Gospel; these
misunderstandings, so clarify rather than preach.
tracts are designed to strengthen believers in Jesus and to
Remember that most Muslims will not have the years
challenge Muslims about their faith and understanding of
of learning, teaching and terminology that you have,
Islam and Muhammad. Lift Jesus high - by your attitudes,
words and deeds and do not fear, because no one can com-pare with Him, even from the Qur’an!
May you grow in the grace and knowledge of Jesus Christ; may He grant you wisdom and boldness in sharing the life-
Do not distribute these tracts indiscriminately. The ideal way is
changing Gospel of God. We hope and pray that you will
that the Muslim first comes to know you and witnesses Christ
be blessed by reading and using these tracts and that the
working through you first hand. These tracts are intense, and a
Lord Jesus will draw many people to Himself through these
person needs considerable motivation to read one. They will
challenge core beliefs and the person will throw the tract away without a motivating factor of your witness pressing them to read. Discuss the topic, explore the issues; do not simply hand out a tract and think that your work is done.
Your motivation is love … … The love of Jesus Christ compels us to share the Gospel with Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and everyone else who lives and breathes. Remember that, whilst they reject the Gospel of Jesus Christ, so did you at one stage. Our goal is to make Jesus Christ not just acceptable, but irresistible. He is the only Saviour for the entire human race. The tracts attempt to highlight the standard of Allah/Muhammad and the standard of Jesus Christ.
Do not enter a debate - for the simple reason that it becomes a contest of wills. Discuss, answer his/her
questions, but do not argue; in winning an argument,
In general share with people of the same sex (i.e.,
male to male and female to female). Muslims often already view Christians as sexually immoral, so do
not put yourself in such a compromising position;
we are to avoid even the appearance of evil.
Train yourself to answer from the Qur’an and not
just from logic or the Bible. Provoke him/her to
When asked what you think about his/her beliefs, be very wise and ensure you don’t compromise the
Gospel. Avoid insulting Muhammad, Islam, Allah etc.
Show respect even though you may not agree with what he/she believes.
Greetings in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. We hope
to become like Muhammad. Just as some Christians have
and pray that this series of tracts will be uplifting to you
much Biblical knowledge whilst others have little, Muslims
The framework of a Muslim’s life is directed by the five
and to those with whom you share the truth. Allow us to
also vary in their knowledge of the Qur’an, ahadith, and
pillars: confession of faith (the Shahada), prayer (Salat—5
explain our purpose in publishing these tracts and to give
times a day), alms (Zakat) to purify their earnings and
you some general guidelines in our approach.
help the poor, fasting (Swam), and pilgrimage (Hajj).
Additionally, it is important to recognize that, just as Chris-
Some Muslims believe Jihad to be another pillar of Islam,
tians have different denominations, varying in orthodoxy
however one must always remember that Muslims are not
Our approach and purpose have many facets:
and practice, so do Muslims. Islam is not a monolithic
a monolithic, united, group. They vary in their under-
faith; there are a variety of beliefs, teachings and practices
1. To bring awareness of various aspects of Islamic
standing and commitment to Islamic faith, teaching and
amongst Muslims. There are many sects: Sunni (approx.
teachings from the Qur’an, ahadith [plural for
80%), Shia (approx. 15%), Alawi, Alevi, Ismaili, Druze,
Hadith], Muhammad’s practice and life, and their
Bohra and Ahmedi. Sufis are not a sect as such, but are
outworking in the lives of Muslims today, and to con-
mystics and represented in all sects. Ummah refers to the
1. Pray. Prayer is vitally important to protect your own
trast these with the teachings and practice of Jesus,
Islamic community in general. Islam means ‘submission to
mind and heart; for getting wisdom; and remembering
and their outworking in the lives of Christians today.
Allah,’ and a Muslim is someone who has submitted.
that it is the righteousness of Jesus Christ that redeems
2. To challenge the notion of pluralism and multicultur-
and clothes you. Pray also for the commitment that it
NOTE: Islam and Christianity share many similar teach-
alism. Not all beliefs teach the same things but every-
will take to follow this through. Pray for love (1 Co-
ings. However, the majority of these teachings have only a
one’s beliefs about good and bad and right and wrong,
rinthians 13:1) for the person with whom you share the
superficial similarity. The real difference comes in the
are the primary motivations behind our actions.
practices and examples set by Muhammad and Jesus. The
Where these differing beliefs are incompatible, con-
2. Read carefully the tract that you intend to use; read all
only effective way to evaluate a religion is not to look at its
flict will result. It is important to identify these areas
the accompanying references. In this way, you can
followers who differ in their zeal and knowledge, but to
and to attempt to resolve areas of potential conflict. In
identify the context and are less susceptible to charges
look at the teaching and example set by their founder. To
the long run society will self-destruct if the real issues
differentiate between the real and counterfeit currency you
are covered up in the name of pluralism, tolerance and
3. Ask us to clarify any point, and get more information
need to focus on the differences, because focusing on simi-
and related material. It is impossible to include all the
larities and ignoring the difference can be very deceptive.
relevant references, examples, arguments, and other
3. To stimulate the hearts and minds of Christians and
material in a two-page tract. Be as equipped as you
Muslims to know and follow the real Jesus—the Jesus
Authoritative Islamic texts are the Qur’an, Hadith and earli-
est biographies of Muhammad. Muslims believe that the
4. Know the Biblical position intimately and spend more
4. To answer questions about Islamic faith, teaching and
Qur’an is the revealed word of Allah (verse numbers differ
time in Scripture and prayer, rather than studying Is-
slightly in different translations). A Sura (or Surah) is iden-
tical to the concept of a chapter so a reference to Sura 1:6 is
a reference to chapter one, verse (aya) 6: ‘Guide us to the
• enlighten the mind of your friend to the truth;
These tracts are an attempt to show the real teaching of
Straight Way.’ The Qur’anic chapters are not organized
Islam and of the real Muhammad, the founder of Islamic
• free them from spiritual, cultural and social
according to chronology, but to the size of the chapter, with
faith, in the light of the teachings of the Qur’an, Hadith
bondages that will prevent them from following the
the exception of Sura 1. Within each chapter, there is mini-
and earliest biographies of Muhammad by
mal organisation. This means that careful study is required
classic Muslim scholars. This is important because, just as
• convict them of their need of a saviour, and the
and caution must be applied as some passages have been
Christians are told to follow the example of Jesus Christ,
abrogated (cancelled out) by later revelations, and there is
so too, Muslims are told to follow the example of their
• free you from fear of Muslims and give you a love
rarely an indication from the text itself that this is the case.
prophet Muhammad. Islam teaches that Muhammad did
everything by inspiration and in obedience to Allah (Sura
Muslims believe that Muhammad is the perfect example to
• give you boldness, wisdom and opportunity in shar-
53:2-4); thus obedience to Muhammad is obedience to
be followed by all Muslims. Whatever he said, practiced or
Allah (Sura 4:80). Obviously then, it will be necessary
approved is called a Hadith. There are six authentic ahadith
to observe the life and practice of Jesus and of Muham-
(Hadiths): Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Sunnan
Just as there are myths about Islam, so too Muslims have
mad if we are to truly to understand Christianity and
Ibn Majah and Sunnan Nasa’i. There are many other lesser ahadith that are not considered authoritative. The majority
many misconceptions about Christianity, the concepts of
of Muslims believe the “authentic” ahadith as true accounts
the Trinity and Mary being chief among them. Be pre-
Just as Christians differ in their devotion and zeal to be-
of the sayings and practices of Muhammad, but there is a
pared to explain these concepts in detail. It would be
come like Jesus, Muslims differ in their devotion and zeal
helpful, when talking to your friend, to find out his views
Finite groups in which primary subgroups have cyclic cofactors∗1. School of Math. and Informational Science, Shandong Institute of Business and Technology,2. Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, ChinaIn this paper, we prove the following theorem: Let G be a group, q be the largest prime divisorof |G| and π = π(G) \ {q}. Suppose that the factor group X/coreGX is
Lok Adalat and Free legal Aid By- Sanjeev Kumar (Nodal Officer Computer)/ A.D.J./F.T.C. Allahabad Lok Adalats in India ADR (Alternate Dispute Resolution ) system has been an integral part of our historical past. The concept of Lok Adalat (Peoples' Court) is an innovative Indian contribution to the world jurisprudence. The institution of Lok Adalat in India, as the very name suggests, mea